Classification
- Incident Type: Engine Failure
- Severity: High
- Investigation: NSIA Marine Report 2024/05 classifies the occurrence as a machinery failure in Norwegian territorial waters.
Vessel Details
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Vessel Name | Viking Sky |
| Vessel Type | Cruise |
| Flag State | Norway [NO], NIS |
| IMO Number | 9650420 |
| Call Signal | LAYU7 |
| Gross Tonnage | 47,842 |
| LOA (m) | 228.37 |
| Breadth (m) | |
| Bollard Pull (t) | |
| Power (kW) | |
| Owner/Operator | Viking Ocean Cruises AS / Wilhelmsen Ship Management (Norway) AS |
| Year Built | 2017 |
| Persons Aboard | 1,374 |
| Passengers | 915 |
| Crew | 459 |
Incident Details
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Date | 2019-03-23 |
| Time | 13:58 local time (UTC+1) |
| Location | Hustadvika, Møre og Romsdal, Norway |
| Coordinates | 63.0050, 6.9933 |
| Region | North Sea |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Injuries | 19 passengers |
| Missing | |
| Direct Damage | Cracked windows, a broken restaurant door, damage to lifeboat no. 3 and its davit controls, gangway bracket, railings, lifejacket boxes, starboard stabiliser, port anchor, and interior fittings. |
| Economic Damage | |
| Environmental Damage |
Key facts
- Viking Sky had 1,374 persons aboard and came within approximately one ship length of grounding.
- The blackout was caused by insufficient lubricating oil in the operating diesel-generator sump tanks combined with pitching and rolling in rough seas.
- Recovery from blackout until both propulsion motors were operational and making 1-5 knots ahead took 39 minutes.
- The final report records 19 injured passengers and no fatalities, and makes 14 safety recommendations.
Narrative
Viking Sky left Tromsø at approximately 22:00 on 21 March 2019 with one of its four diesel generators unavailable. On 23 March, while sailing in rough seas near Hustadvika, the three operating generators shut down in sequence at 13:58 local time. The blackout caused loss of propulsion and steering. The crew issued a Mayday at 14:00 and dropped both anchors, but the anchors did not hold and the vessel drifted toward shore.
The crew began transferring lubricating oil at about 14:12. Propulsion was restored within 39 minutes of the blackout, but the vessel remained in a dangerous position while rescue resources approached. The coast guard vessel KV Njord arrived at about 16:40 and the tug Vivax at about 17:05. Helicopter evacuation continued overnight. The final report records 460 passengers evacuated in the continuous overnight operation, while NSIA's interim page reports 479 passengers evacuated by helicopter.
Towlines were secured at about 08:30 on 24 March and the evacuation stopped at about 09:15. Viking Sky reached Molde and moored at about 16:25. NSIA found that the sump-tank arrangement was not compliant with SOLAS, the vessel departed without the expected redundancy for Safe Return to Port, and blackout recovery training did not include a full blackout without a standby generator.
Sequence of events
| Date and time | Event |
|---|---|
| 2019-03-21, 22:00 | Viking Sky left Tromsø with one of four diesel generators unavailable. |
| 2019-03-23, 13:58 | Diesel generators shut down, causing blackout and loss of propulsion and steering. |
| 2019-03-23, 14:00 | The crew sent a Mayday; both anchors were dropped but did not hold. |
| 2019-03-23, 14:12 | The crew began transferring lubricating oil. |
| 2019-03-23, approximately 16:40 | Coast guard vessel KV Njord arrived. |
| 2019-03-23, approximately 17:05 | Tug Vivax arrived. |
| 2019-03-24, approximately 08:30 | Towlines were secured. |
| 2019-03-24, approximately 09:15 | Helicopter evacuation stopped. |
| 2019-03-24, approximately 16:25 | Viking Sky moored in Molde. |
Contributing factors
| Factor | Evidence label | Evidence-based description |
|---|---|---|
| Insufficient lubricating oil in the operating generator sump tanks | Confirmed finding | NSIA identified insufficient oil at the generator suctions during the vessel's pitching and rolling as the direct cause of the blackout. |
| Sump-tank design | Confirmed finding | NSIA found the arrangement non-compliant with SOLAS and vulnerable to oil uncovering the suction pipes in rough seas. |
| Departure with one diesel generator unavailable | Confirmed finding | NSIA found that the vessel did not meet the expected Safe Return to Port redundancy when it left Tromsø. |
| Oil-level monitoring and procedures | Confirmed finding | NSIA identified inaccurate remote monitoring and inadequate guidance on oil levels and alarm set points. |
| Blackout recovery training | Reported | NSIA considered the lack of a full blackout drill without a standby generator likely to have contributed to the recovery difficulties. |
Investigation
The Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority led the investigation with support from the UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch, the United States Coast Guard, the United States National Transportation Safety Board, and the Australian Transport Safety Bureau. NSIA published Marine Report 2024/05 and issued 14 safety recommendations.
References
- NSIA Marine Report 2024/05: Viking Sky
- NSIA Marine Report 2024/05 PDF
- NSIA interim report: Viking Sky
- Norwegian Maritime Authority response to the NSIA report